THE DESIGN PROCESS
Architectural design typically involves several phases that guide the process of creating a building or structure. While the specific names and order of these phases can vary, here are six common phases of architectural design:
1.PROGRAMMING
In this initial phase, the architect works closely with the client to understand their requirements, goals, and constraints. The focus is on gathering information about the purpose of the building, spatial needs, budget, site conditions, and any specific functional or aesthetic preferences. This phase helps establish the project's objectives and sets the foundation for subsequent design decisions.
2. SCHEMATIC/CONCEPTUAL
DESIGN
In the schematic design phase, the architect translates the program requirements into conceptual design solutions. This involves exploring different design options, developing preliminary sketches, and creating diagrams or 3D models to illustrate the overall form, spatial relationships, and circulation patterns. The goal is to generate ideas and establish a design direction that aligns with the client's vision.
3. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Once a schematic design is approved, the architect moves into the design development phase. Here, the focus shifts towards refining the design concept and developing it into a more detailed and coordinated representation. The architect works on refining the floor plans, elevations, sections, and other drawings, incorporating structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Material selections, specifications, and cost estimates are also considered during this phase.
4. CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTS
In this phase, the architect prepares the construction documents, also known as the working drawings. These documents provide a comprehensive set of detailed drawings, specifications, and other technical information required for construction. The drawings cover various aspects, including architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and landscape design. The level of detail is increased to facilitate accurate construction and regulatory compliance.
5. PERMITTING & PRICING
During this phase, the architect assists the client in the process of selecting a contractor for the project. The construction documents are typically sent out to multiple contractors for bidding. The architect may help evaluate the bids, conduct negotiations, and provide clarifications to ensure a fair and competitive bidding process. The goal is to select a qualified contractor who can execute the project within the established budget and timeline.
6. CONSTRUCTION ADMIN/OBSERVATION
Once the contractor is selected, the architect enters the construction administration phase. This involves regular site visits by the architect to monitor the construction progress, review shop drawings and material samples, respond to contractor queries, and ensure that the construction aligns with the design intent and quality standards. The architect also acts as a liaison between the client and contractor, addressing any issues that may arise during construction.
It's important to note that these phases are iterative and interconnected, and the architect's involvement may vary depending on the project and contractual agreements. Effective collaboration between the architect, client, and other stakeholders is essential throughout the entire architectural design process.